Don't Get Intimidated and Play by the Rules

Bully LawyerToday I read a great article by Minnesota attorney Randall Ryder titled "New Attorney? Don’t Get Intimidated by Opposing Counsel."  The article struck a cord with me as it is a proponent of the same philosophy that I am advocating in my own blog—don’t be intimidated by a bully, do not react with words in kind and use the “Rules” to win. Though the article is directed towards new attorneys, this is good advice for every attorney.  

New Attorney? Don’t Get Intimidated by Opposing Counsel

Being a new attorney can be overwhelming, regardless of whether you are a solo or work at a big firm. One way to help ease the transition is finding a mentor to show you the ropes.

Even with a mentor, however, one of challenges for new attorneys is interacting with opposing counsel. A common complaint among new attorneys is how badly they are treated by more experienced opposing counsel. Here are some tips to help you stand your ground and reduce the intimidation factor.

The game within the game

Law school does not teach you about the game within the game—the tricks and mind games that some attorneys utilize during a case. Of course, not every attorney plays games, but you need to be prepared for the ones that do.

Frankly, just knowing that some attorneys play games is a key insight. Some young attorneys blindly believe everything opposing counsel says—which can drastically alter the course of a case if you don’t know any better.

I can think of a long list of things that opposing counsel threatened or promised to do—99% of which never actually happened. At the time, however, those threats caused me to underestimate or re-think my case or strategy—which is exactly what they wanted.

Keep your head on a swivel—and don’t believe the hype.

Stick to the rules

If opposing counsel has missed a deadline, omitted certain discovery documents, or generally seems to manage their case with no regard for the rules (state or federal), dont be afraid to call them out.

The rules are the rules. While certain rules may be treated more like guidelines by some attorneys, you are not bound to share their interpretation. They might be testing you, they might be used to flaunting the rules with no repercussions, or they might not be paying attention.

If something seems amiss, double check the rules, and if necessary, call out opposing counsel. The rules are there for a reason.

Don’t second guess your opinion of the case (or don’t make it obvious)

In the majority of my cases, I represent the Plaintiff. Most of the time, I get a phone call from opposing counsel blabbing on and on about how my case is terrible, I have no idea what I’m doing, etc., etc. My favorite part about these calls is after usually ten minutes of this, I am presented with a “nuisance value” offer to settle the case.

The first couple of times I didn’t immediately dismiss the case, but I did start second guessing certain aspects of my case. In the long run, those initial calls didn’t change the case, but they did cause an initial road bump. Don’t let that happen to you.

When I get those calls now, I let opposing counsel talk as long as they want, thank them for the phone call (and settlement offer), and then get off the phone. I rarely engage in a pseudo summary judgment argument over the phone—that is why we have judges.

If there is something I need to reconsider, I am not going to let opposing counsel know that I have doubts about my case. On the other end of the spectrum, I also tend to refrain from revealing additional information. The bottom line: resist the temptation to engage in a motion hearing over the phone, it rarely turns out well.

 

 

Quoting Shakespeare

iStock_000014100087Large.jpgLast spring I had the pleasure of taking a tour of the Royal Globe Theatre in London, England.  On display there was a plaque titled “Quoting Shakespeare.” It began by stating:

IF YOU CANNOT UNDERSTAND MY ARGUMENT AND DECLARE,it’s Greek to me, you are quoting Shakespeare.  If you claim to be more sinned against than sinning, you are quoting Shakespeare.  If you act more in sorrow than in anger, if your wish is father to the thought, if you lost property has vanished into thin air, you are quoting Shakespeare.  If you have ever refused to budge an inch or suffered from green-eyed jealousy, if you have played fast and loose, if you have been tongue-tied-a tower of strength—hoodwinked or in a pickle, if you have knitted your brows—made a virtue necessitated, insisted on fair play, slept not one wink—stood on ceremony—danced attendance on your lord and mater—laughed yourself into stitches, had short shrift—cold comfort, too much of a good thing, if you have seen better days, or lived in a fools paradise, why, be that as it may, the more fool you, for it is a foregone conclusion that you are as good luck would have it, quoting Shakespeare…

It brought a smile to my face when I read the passage as I realized how much of Shakespeare is in our everyday vernacular. There to I realized how many distinctive quotes there that I use over and over again as a Discovery Referee. Here are a few that you should keep handy to sprinkle into your arguments during your discovery battles. 

PHILOSOPHY OF DISCOVERY

The overriding philosophy of the Discovery Act is that discovery should be liberally construed in order to take the “game” element out of trial preparation by enabling the parties to obtain evidence necessary to evaluate and resolve their dispute before a trial is necessary. Weil and Brown, Cal Prac. Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial (TRG 2011) ¶8:1, citing Greyhound Corp. v. Sup. Ct. (1961) 56 C2d 355 (pdf)

Any doubt is generally resolved in favor of permitting discovery, particularly where the precise issues in the case are not yet clearly established. Weil and Brown, Cal Prac. Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial (TRG 2011) ¶8:71 citing Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Co. v. Sup. Ct. (1982) 31 C3d 785, 790 (pdf)

“Relevant to the subject matter” is broader than relevancy to the issues which determines admissibility of evidence at trial. Weil and Brown, Cal Prac. Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial (TRG 2011) ¶8:66 citing Bridgestone-Firestone Inc. v. Sup. Ct. (1992) 7 CA4th 1384, 1392 (pdf)

Admissibility at trial is not the test for relevancy.  See Davies v. Sup. Ct. (1984) 36 C3d 291, 301 (pdf).  

There is no priority in discovery. C.C.P. §2019.210 (pdf).

Fishing trips are permissible Greyhound Corp. v. Sup. Ct. (1961) 56 C2d 355, 383-385, just be prepared to state what you are fishing for.

The scope of permissible discovery is one of reason, logic and common sense.  Weil and Brown, Cal Prac. Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial (TRG 2011) ¶ 8:67 citing Lipton v. Sup. Ct. (1996) 48 CA4th 1499, 1611 (pdf)

 

DISCOVERY PROPOUNDED

The Fourth District Court of Appeal defined “reasonable particularity” in requests for production of documents to mean that they are “reasonably particularized from the standpoint of the party on whom the demand is made.”  Calcor Space Facility, Inc. v. Sup. Ct. (1997) 53 CA4th 216, 222 (pdf).

Any party may obtain discovery ... by a written request that any other party to the action admit the genuineness of specified documents, or the truth of specified matters of fact, opinion relating to fact, or application of law to fact. A request for admission may relate to a matter that is in controversy between the parties. C.C.P. §2033.010 (pdf).

 

 RESPONDING TO DISCOVERY

The code requires that a party must make a reasonable and good faith effort to obtain the information. Regency Health Services, Inc. v. Sup. Ct. (1998) 64 CA4th 1496 (pdf) “A party cannot plead ignorance to information which can be obtained from sources under his control.” Deyo v. Kilbourne (1978) 84 CA 3d 771, 782 (pdf). This includes a party’s lawyer Smith v. Sup. Ct. (1961) 189 CA2d 6 (pdf), agents or employees Gordon v. Superior Court (1984) 161 CA 3d 151, 167-168 (pdf), family members Jones v. Sup. Ct. (1981) 119 CA 3d 534, 552 (pdf) and experts.  Sigerseth v. Sup. Ct. (1972) 23 CA 3d 427, 433 (pdf).   See Weil and Brown, Cal Prac. Guide:  Civil Procedure Before Trial (TRG 2009) ¶ 8:1051-1060 

 

OBJECTING TO DISCOVERY

“Burdensome and Oppressive” The showing required to sustain this objection is that the intent of  the party was to create an unreasonable burden, or that burden created does not weigh equally with what requesting party is trying to obtain from it. See Mead Reinsurance Co. v. Sup. Ct. (1986) CA3d 313 (pdf) In the Mead case, the objecting party showed that it would require the review of over 13,000 claims files requiring five claims adjusters working full time for six weeks.

“Right of Privacy” “All people are by nature free and independent and have inalienable rights. Among these are enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining safety, happiness, and privacy.”  Article I, Section 1 of the California Constitution

"Information equally available to asking party"  The only time this objection works is if a party has to go get public records Bunnell v. Sup. Ct. (1967) CA2d 720, 723-724 (pdf) or interview independent witnesses Holguin v. Sup Ct. (1972) 22 CA3d 812, 821 (pdf) in order to answer the questions.

Referencing Documents:  It is improper to answer “See Complaint” or “See deposition”. If the question requires reference to some other document, then the document should be identified and its contents summarized so that the answer by itself is fully responsive to the interrogatory. Weil and Brown Civil Procedure Before Trial (TRG 2011) §8:1049 citing Deyo v. Kilbourne (1978) 84 CA 3d 771. The exception to this is C.C.P. §2030.230 where the code allows the answering party to allow the interrogating party to inspect the files and records. However, the answering party must show: (1) a compilation, abstract, audit or summary of its records is necessary in order to answer the interrogatory; and (2) no such compilation etc. exists; and (3) the burden or expense of preparing or making it would be substantially the same for the asking party as it would for the answering party.

 

MOTIONS

Motions to compel further responses to interrogatories, requests for productions of documents and requests for admissions require that the motion be filed within 45 days. CCP §§ 2030.300(c), 2031.310(c) and 2032.290(c).   Delaying the filing of the motion waives a party’s right to compel further responses. The case of Vidal Sassoon, Inc. v. Superior Court (1983) 147 Cal. App. 3d 681, 685 (pdf) takes the position that the court lacks jurisdiction to order further responses after time has expired. The Second District Court of Appeal upheld this rationale in Sexton v. Superior Court (1987) 58 Cal. App. 4th 1403, 1410 (pdf).

 

SANCTIONS

Discovery sanctions are not reported to the State Bar. See Bus. & Prof. Code. §6068(o)(3) (pdf) .

Discovery sanctions are not a windfall.  They are to compensate for costs and fees incurred by the party in enforcing discovery or defending a meritless motion.  See Weil and Brown, California Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial (TRG 2011) ¶8:1213 citing Caryl Richards, Inc. v. Sup. Ct. (1961) CA2d 300, 303 (pdf) 

In imposing issue and evidence sanctions, the court must tailor the sanction to fit the conduct. McArthur v. Bockman (1989) 208 Cal. App. 3d 1076, 1080-1081 The aggrieved party cannot receive more by way of a sanction then it would have received if it had received the discovery.  Rail Services of America v. State Comp. Insurance Fund (2003) 110 Cal App. 4th 323, 332 (pdf).  

 The “trial court is not required to make findings at all” in granting any discovery sanctions, including terminating sanctions.  See Weil and Brown, California Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial (TRG 2011) ¶8:1241.5 citing Ghanooni v. Super Shuttle of Los Angeles (1993) 20 CA 4th 256, 261 (pdf)

 

BE FORWARNED OF A COURT’S IRE

“Twenty-three years ago, the Legislature enacted the Civil Discovery Act of 1986 . . . a comprehensive revision of pretrial discovery statutes, the central precept of which is that civil discovery be essentially self-executing.  More than 10 years ago, Townsend v. Superior Court (1998) 61 CA 4th 1431 (pdf) lamented the all too often interjection of "ego and emotions of counsel and client[s]" into discovery disputes, warning that "[l]ike Hotspur on the field of battle, counsel can become blinded by the combative nature of the proceeding and be rendered incapable of informally resolving a disagreement."  (Townsend at 1436.) Townsend counseled that the "informal resolution" of discovery disputes "entails something more than bickering with [opposing counsel]." (Townsend at 1439) Rather, the statute "requires that there be a serious effort at negotiation and informal resolution." (Townsend at 1438.)” Clement v. Alegre (2009) 177 CA4th 1277 (pdf).

 

DO YOU HAVE ANY FAVORITE QUOTES YOU WOULD LIKE TO SHARE?

 

 

 

 

The Battle Before the Battle

Attorney with Gloves.jpgWhen I was a research attorney in the Law and Motion department for Alameda County Superior Court, I handled the ex parte calendar. My judge instructed me to obtain the facts and arguments from counsel, do my own research if necessary, and present the ex parte application and my recommendation to her.  Early in my career at the court, I handled an ex parte application on a case that had apparently been up and back from the Court of Appeal. When I asked for the facts of the case from counsel, he shot back at me saying "The judge knows this case because she was writted." I told him I needed to know the facts of the case so I could provide her with my research and recommendation. He refused. When I walked back to the judge’s chambers, I overheard the counsel tell his client "She must be new because everyone knows this case."  

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When an Apology is a Discovery Response

Referee.jpgNine years ago, in the middle of a Deposition, defense counsel called plaintiff counsel a "Bitch." Plaintiff counsel immediately filed a motion for a Discovery Referee and I was appointed. The court ordered that I sit in on all the depositions and attend the site inspection. All communication including the scheduling of discovery was to be done through me.

When I look back on this case,  I realize that the moment defense counsel used the word "Bitch" it became the turning point of the case. These two well-respected attorneys’ hostility toward one another drove the case. There were no more professional courtesies and the parties took extreme positions in their settlement negotiations. The case eventually went through a lengthy bench trial and appeal process that lasted years before plaintiff recovered an eight-figure judgement.

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The Goddess of the Deposition

court reporter.jpg

A few months back I received an e-mail from a court reporter regarding a very unpleasant incident that occurred in a deposition. It went like this:

So...during questioning the attorneys were apparently getting to a very sensitive area of inquiry -- and [Attorney #1] had already argued with all of the other attorneys -- so, he stared me straight in the eye and said, "God damn it, when you're asked to read a question back, you don't just read a question, you read the answer also, do you hear me? Now I've got to object and say it's asked and answered when if you would just do your fucking job I wouldn't have to do so. When it happens again, you better read it the right way."

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